Fig. 9

Neuroprotective effects of VPA against glutamate- and H₂O₂-induced neurotoxicity in ALS cell lines. VPA prevents motor neuronal cell death both in the WT (a, b) and MT ALS (c, d) cell line. Cell viability assay was observed by MTT assay after 24 h of glutamate (2 mM) and H₂O₂ (0.3 mM) with or without pretreatment of VPA (2 mM). Each value represents the mean ± SEM (n = 3–4). ***p < 0.001, versus control; ^###p < 0.001, ^##p < 0.01 versus glutamate