Fig. 1

Mitochondrial and glucose homeostasis pathways were highly associated with osteogenesis, while glycolysis-related pathways were highly associated with adipogenesis. A Principal component analysis (PCA) of transcriptomic profiles of human bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs; n = 3, GSE20631), adipocytes (n = 3, GSE45169), and osteoblasts (n = 3, GSE101140). B Metascape pathway analyses for enriched GO Biological Processes in adipocytes and osteoblasts compared to BMMSCs using transcriptomic data, with pathways colored according to p values. C Enrichment of “Positive regulation of glucose import” pathway as performed by Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) in adipocytes or osteoblasts compared to BMMSCs, with normalized enrichment score (NES) and p value labeled. D Enrichment of “Regulation of glucose metabolic process” pathway as performed by GSEA in adipocytes and osteoblasts compared to BMMSCs, with NES and p value labeled. E Prediction of mechanisms involved in “Glycolysis” as performed with the Molecular Activation Prediction (MAP) tool using transcriptomic data from adipocytes or osteoblasts compared to BMMSCs