Fig. 5

pcMSC-CM and E2-CM restore period in locomotor activity in CTX-induced POI animal model. A Experimental conditions are presented. Four experimental groups, namely the control (n = 6), POI (n = 8), CM (POI plus CM, n = 5), and E2-CM (POI plus E2-CM, n = 5) groups, were used. LD (L12:D12); DD (D12:D12). B Double-plotted actograms from four representative mice, entrained under LD and DD conditions, with gray shading indicating darkness during three experimental phases: CTX, Treatment (Control, CM, or E2-CM), and Observation (Observ.) (a). b Periods quantified from the Observation phase are expressed in hours (lower panel), with the standard deviation (Std.) for experimental groups shown in the upper panel. C The circadian power of four representative subjects from each group is presented in a spectrogram (a). The circadian power ratios (lower panel) and their standard deviations for each group (upper panel) in (a) are compared in (b). D mRNA expression of Per2, Bmal1, and Rev-erbα in SCN in each experimental group (n = 3 at each time point). Gray shading indicates darkness. Comparisons between groups at a given time point (p < 0.05), namely, a between the control and POI groups, b between the CM and POI groups, c between the E2-CM and POI groups, and d between the CM and E-CM groups. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. Light and dark backgrounds represent light and dark phases of the day. ZT0 indicates the time when the light is switched on, and ZT12 indicates the time when the light is switched off. E (a) Localization analysis of PER2 protein expression in ovarian tissues accompanied by (b) corresponding serum estradiol concentrations of each experimental group (ng/ml, mean ± SD) were shown. Results obtained through immunohistochemical staining (n = 5) and estradiol ELISA assay (n = 15)