Fig. 3
Effects of blocking IL-19 on TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant GBM progression and cytokine profile in tumor microenvironment. A Survival differences in glioma-bearing mice between isotype control groups and IL-19 antibody treatment groups were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method; n = 8 in each group. B Tumor size in GL261 and C GL261/TMZ-R tumor-bearing mice treated with isotype control or IL-19 antibody was determined through IVIS assay; n = 8 in each group. D GL261 tumor-bearing mice received isotype control antibody or IL-19 antibody treatment. Tumor tissue lysates were harvested on post–tumor inoculation day 28, and cytokine array analysis was performed. Significant differences in TH1 and TH2 cytokine expression levels between the isotype control antibody and IL-19 antibody treatment groups are indicated by red rectangles. Reference spots indicate that array was incubated with streptavidin–horseradish peroxidase during assay procedure. Quantification of TH1-related cytokine (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-12) and TH2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) expression levels and tumor invasion (WISP1 and IL-33) presented in bar graphs; *p < 0.05