Fig. 6

Effects of IL-19 on TMZ-resistant GBM migration and invasion. A Expression levels of IL-19, IL-20RA, and IL-20RB in DBTRG and DBTRG/TMZ-R cells were analyzed by Western blot. B Human GBM cell (U118) and TMZ-resistant cells (GL261/TMZ-R, DBTRG/TMZ-R) were treated with IL-19 (100 ng/mL) for various duration and WISP1 expression was analyzed through Western blotting. C Effect of blocking WISP1 on IL-19-induced GBM cell migration and invasion. U118 and DBTRG/TMZ-R cells were treated with IL-19 (100 ng/mL) in the presence of isotype ctrl. or WISP1 antibodies (1 μg/mL) for 24 h, and invasion was analyzed through a Matrigel-coated transwell migration assay; n = 8, one-way ANOVA; ****p < 0.0001. Scale bar: 50 μM. D The effect of AKT inhibitor IV (1 μM) on IL-19/WISP1 signaling pathway of U118 cells in the presence of absence of IL-19 (100 ng/mL) for 2 h. Expression level of pAKT, p-β-catenin, WISP1, and GAPDH were determined by Western blot. E Effects of Il-19 KO on migration and invasion of GL261/TMZ-R cells. Migration and invasion ability of Ctrl and two Il-19 KO clones (KO#1 and KO#2) were determined through Matrigel-coated transwell migration assay; n = 3, one-way ANOVA; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. F IL-19, pAKT, WISP1, and GAPDH expression levels in Ctrl and IL-19 KO GL261/TMZ-R cells were determined by Western blot