Fig. 2

Distributions of mutated Spike peptide-common HLA binding affinity strengths of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants across different populations. The binding affinities of mutated Spike peptides from the Omicron EG.5 and XBB.1.16 variants to population-specific common HLA class I (A) and II (B) alleles in the Taiwanese, British, and Russian populations were determined to be either tight binding (red), moderate binding (orange), or weak/no binding (gray). The proportions of mutated Spike peptide-common HLA binding affinity strengths of individual Omicron variants in different populations were illustrated in separate stacked bars